Kingdom of Polonnaruwa: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Polonnaruwa, the medieval city and second capital of Sri Lanka, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 227 km from Colombo. Originally part of the Anuradhapura kingdom, Polonnaruwa rose to prominence in the late 10th century AD when it became the capital under the rule of the Cholas from South India, who recognized its prosperity and safety.

After 77 years, King Vijayabahu from the south of Sri Lanka successfully ousted the Cholas, reclaiming the kingdom, although Anuradhapura never regained its former status. The period from the 11th to the 13th century saw notable rulers such as King Vijayabahu, King Parakramabahu the Great, and King Nissankamalla. This era is considered a golden age for Polonnaruwa, marked by self-sufficiency, with salt being the only product sourced from outside the city.

However, the 13th century brought political turmoil after the death of King Nissankamalla. The Maga from Kalinga (now Odisha, India) seized the opportunity to invade, intent on plundering rather than ruling. Their destructive campaign left Polonnaruwa in ruins, leading to its abandonment as residents fled the devastation.

During the British colonial period, Lieutenant Fargon discovered the remnants of this once-great city hidden within the forest. This led to archaeological excavations and restoration efforts spearheaded by H.C.P. Bell.

Today, Polonnaruwa attracts visitors from around the world, offering a fascinating glimpse into its rich history through the ruins and monuments of both religious and secular significance. Explore this remarkable site and witness the enduring legacy of Sri Lanka’s medieval past.

Today, Polonnaruwa draws visitors from both Sri Lanka and around the globe, eager to explore its rich historical tapestry. The city is home to an impressive array of ruins and monuments that showcase both religious and secular significance. Wander through ancient temples, majestic stupas, and the remnants of royal palaces, each telling a story of the vibrant civilization that once thrived here. Whether you’re an avid history enthusiast or a casual traveler, Polonnaruwa offers a captivating experience that invites you to step back in time and immerse yourself in the beauty of its heritage.

The Palace Complex of Polonnaruwa is often described in chronicles as a “palace in heaven” with a thousand rooms, and today, visitors can still marvel at its impressive remnants. The structure features three stories made from a combination of bricks and wood. The ground floor served multiple functions, including a lobby, storerooms, and security areas. A stunning granite staircase leads you through this historic site, while some walls showcase intricate decorations and faded paintings that hint at the artistry of the time.

Thick walls signify a solid foundation, and behind the palace lie the quarters for queens and the living spaces of royal servants, offering a glimpse into the daily life of the royal court. Exploring the Palace Complex allows you to imagine the grandeur and elegance of a bygone era, making it a must-see destination for anyone visiting Polonnaruwa.

Council Chamber: A Symbol of Royal Authority

The Council Chamber in Polonnaruwa is an architectural marvel, built on an elevated platform to reflect the grandeur of royalty. Its intricately carved pillars add a touch of elegance, showcasing the craftsmanship of the era. The heads of the pillars are thoughtfully designed to indicate the seating arrangements for dignitaries, highlighting the importance of status in royal gatherings.

Visiting the Council Chamber offers a fascinating insight into the administrative life of the ancient kingdom, allowing you to appreciate the strategic design that emphasized both authority and aesthetics. It’s a must-visit site for those interested in the rich history of Polonnaruwa