Ancient City of Anuradhapura: A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Discover the sacred city of Anuradhapura, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historical capital of Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, located just 205 km from Colombo. This ancient city is a treasure trove of history, where you can explore archaeological sites dating back to the arrival of legendary Prince Vijaya from India, who found the locals already engaged in paddy cultivation and horse rearing.
Anuradhapura blossomed into a thriving kingdom, with King Pandukabhaya establishing the first monarchy in the 5th century BC. The city flourished under the reign of 126 kings from 543 BC to 993 AD, and its vibrant society was documented by Greek writers who noted the trade in tamed elephants, pearls, and Sappan wood.
The introduction of Buddhism in 247 BC transformed Anuradhapura, shaping the Sinhalese way of life and influencing the arts and crafts. By the 1st century AD, the city boasted advanced infrastructure, including underground water systems and wide roads. It was governed by a mayor, with taxes and customs duties contributing to a well-structured economy.
Anuradhapura is beautifully organized into inner and outer cities, alongside significant religious sites. Stroll through its three main pleasure gardens—Nandana, Mahamegha, and Jothi Vana—and visit the Maha Vihara, the principal monastery that oversees revered shrines like the Sri Maha Bodhi, Ruwanwelisaya, and Thuparamaya, the first temple in Sri Lanka.
Although the capital moved to Polonnaruwa in the 11th century due to invasions by the Cholas, Anuradhapura remains a captivating destination for both devotees and tourists. With an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 archaeological sites, it invites visitors to step back in time and immerse themselves in the rich heritage of Sri Lanka.
Here are some of Attractions in Anuradhapura
Sri Maha Bodhi: The Sacred Tree of Enlightenment
Visit the Sri Maha Bodhi, the world’s oldest human-planted tree, with a recorded history of over 2,264 years (as of 2018). Known botanically as Ficus religiosa, this revered tree is a sapling from the original Bodhi tree under which Prince Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment in India. Brought to Sri Lanka by Nun Sangamitta, it was planted in the Mahamewna Garden in Anuradhapura. Today, the Sri Maha Bodhi stands as the second most important shrine in Sri Lanka, following the Temple of the Tooth Relic. A visit here is a profound spiritual experience, where you can witness the devotion of pilgrims and the serene beauty of this historic site.
Ruwanwelisaya: A Monument of Devotion
Ruwanwelisaya, the second most important site in Anuradhapura after Sri Maha Bodhi, is a remarkable testament to Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist heritage. Tradition holds that a sacred relic of the Buddha is enshrined within this majestic stupa, which was constructed in the 2nd century BC by King Dutugemunu and his brother, King Saddathissa.
Originally, stones were crushed and compacted using elephants, a testament to the engineering prowess of the time. By the 2nd century BC, Ruwanwelisaya had become the largest stupa in the region, boasting a circumference of 370 feet and a height of 180 feet. Over the centuries, several kings have restored and enhanced the stupa, with the last significant restoration occurring in 1893. In 1940, a chest gem from Myanmar was placed within the stupa, further adding to its sanctity.
Visitors to Ruwanwelisaya will be awed by its grandeur and the serene atmosphere that surrounds this sacred monument, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Anuradhapura.
Thuparamaya: The First Stupa of Sri Lanka
Thuparamaya, known as “Thupa Aramaya,” holds the distinction of being the first stupa built in Sri Lanka, commissioned by King Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BC. This historic site is not only the island’s inaugural stupa but also the first Buddhist monastery, steeped in rich spiritual significance.
According to the Mahavamsa, an ancient chronicle, the right collarbone of the Buddha is enshrined within this sacred stupa. Originally constructed in the shape of a paddy heap, it was later transformed into the iconic bell shape we see today.
Visitors to Thuparamaya can immerse themselves in the profound history and spirituality of this revered monument, making it a must-visit destination for those exploring the ancient city of Anuradhapura.
Mihintale: The Birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Mihintale is a historic site renowned as the place where Buddhism was officially introduced to Sri Lanka on a full moon Poya day in June 247 BC. The famous Emperor Ashoka of India sent his son, Arahat Mahinda, to invite King Devanampiyatissa to embrace the teachings of the Buddha. This pivotal meeting took place at Mihintale, where the king accepted Buddhism, inspiring his royal family and leading to its spread throughout the island.
Recognized as the oldest sanctuary in the world, Mihintale remains a revered site for Buddhists today. According to the Chinese monk Faxian, who lived and studied in Sri Lanka during the 4th century AD, Mihintale was known as “Chethiya Pabbatha,” housing around 2,000 monks and managed by the Abhayagiri monastery.
Visitors to Mihintale can explore its ancient ruins, serene landscapes, and spiritual significance, making it an essential stop for those seeking to understand the roots of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
Abayagiri Monastery Complex: A Center of Learning and Spirituality
Abayagiri Vihara, founded by King Walagamba in the 1st century AD, evolved into a significant center of learning by the 5th century AD. It became renowned not only for its studies in Buddhism but also for teachings from various schools of thought and philosophies.
The Chinese monk Faxian, who resided and studied at Abayagiri for over two years in the 5th century AD, provided a detailed account of the monastery. He noted that around 5,000 monks lived and studied there, contributing to a vibrant intellectual community. Faxian also witnessed the magnificent Sacred Tooth Relic procession, a profound cultural and spiritual event.
Today, the Abayagiri Monastery Complex stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich religious heritage and history. Visitors can explore its ancient ruins and experience the serene atmosphere that once nurtured countless scholars and practitioners.
Place to be witnessed In Abhayagiri Monastery
- Abhayagiri Dagoba
- Moonstone
- Samadhi Buddha Statue
- Twin Ponds